Winter often brings with it colds and coughs, filling homes, offices, and public transport with the familiar sound of hacking. Many reach for cough syrups, but do these really work-or could simple remedies like honey and lemon be just as effective?
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Understanding your cough
Most coughs are related to the viruses of the common cold, which the body usually needs to fight off by itself. Cough medicines themselves don't treat the virus but soothe irritation in the throat and reduce the tickly sensation that acts as a trigger for coughing.
Glycerol is used to soothe the irritation of dry coughs, as it protects the throat with a film of syrup or balsam. According to the BBC, Professor Jacky Smith, a respiratory medicine expert at the University of Manchester, said that expensive branded syrups are no more effective than cheaper supermarket alternatives.
One point to note is sugar content; opt for sugar-free alternatives if necessary. Some syrups contain active ingredients, such as dextromethorphan, which slightly suppresses the cough reflex, and levomenthol, which gives a cooling sensation that can soothe an irritated throat. Correct dosing is important with this medication, especially dextromethorphan, which can lead to addiction if overdosed.
Chest coughs and phlegm
Secondary infections like bronchitis can lead to chesty coughs, usually with mucus or tightness of the chest. There are over-the-counter syrups that contain guaifenesin, promoted to loosen phlegm, although evidence to support this is limited. Sedating antihistamines may help with sleep, but do not treat the cough itself. Professor Smith recommends hydration, patience, and lozenges for the irritation instead of medicinal syrups.
Honey and lemon: A simple alternative
A warm solution of honey and lemon can soothe dry coughs for many individuals just as well as many commercial products. Cochrane reviews indicate that honey and lemon, in children over one year, offer some benefit.
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Let your body do its job
Coughing is a natural process by which the body clears mucus. Expectorating excess phlegm can relieve the airways; swallowing it is not harmful. Prof Smith suggests that if you have chesty coughs that last more than three weeks or if you are coughing up dark brown mucus, which might mean blood, seek medical advice.
