What is 'Yellow Book'? Inside India's secret rulebook for VIP security levels

The phrase “Yellow Book” has returned to the spotlight as security arrangements for high-profile diplomatic activity in Islamabad have drawn attention to how VIP protection is organised in South Asia.

In India, the "Yellow Book" is the government’s guideline for security arrangements for individuals who are not covered by the "Blue Book." According to the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Yellow Book applies to “other political personalities” and similar protectees, unlike the Blue Books, which govern security for the president, vice president, and prime minister, News 18 reported.

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Security under the Yellow Book is not automatic. It is decided after a careful assessment by the Central Security Agency, which evaluates the nature of the threat and the profile of the individual concerned.

The level of cover is then placed in categories such as Z+, Z, Y+, Y, and X, depending on the gravity of the threat. The government has also said that certain office-holders, including Union ministers, chief ministers, and judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, receive positional or statutory security cover while in office and that such protection is withdrawn after they leave their posts.

Security categories under the Yellow Book

At the top end is the Z+ category, the highest level among Yellow Book protectees. It can involve around 55 personnel, including commandos from the National Security Guard or the Central Reserve Police Force.

The Z category generally includes 22 to 25 personnel. This package usually covers personal security officers, escorts, and armed guards at the residence.

The Y+ and Y categories provide a lower level of protection. Y+ Protection usually involves 11 personnel, while the Y category typically includes two personal security officers along with a small number of armed guards.

The X category is the most basic level of cover. It usually consists of one or two personal security officers, with no residential guards attached.

The yellow book's key protocols

The protocol also lays down logistical rules for protection. These include the use of escort vehicles, bulletproof cars, and mandatory anti-sabotage checks, depending on the level of cover assigned.

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The Centre is not solely responsible for providing protection. The state government where a person resides is primarily responsible for protecting them, even if the Ministry of Home Affairs publishes the Yellow Book. An essential component of the system's operation is the division of responsibilities.