Talking to teenagers about sex and relationships is something many parents struggle with, but experts say open conversations can make a big difference in helping young people feel informed, supported and safe.
A recent national survey, cited by The Conversation, of 1,918 parents found that most parents felt comfortable discussing topics such as body image and puberty, but far fewer felt confident talking about masturbation or sexual satisfaction. The survey also showed mothers were more likely than fathers to start discussions about sex.
Experts say discomfort exists on both sides, with teenagers often avoiding the topic while parents worry about saying the wrong thing or not knowing how to begin.
Start early and keep talking
Experts stress that conversations about sex should not be treated as one major “talk.” Instead, parents should create ongoing, age-appropriate discussions from an early age.
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Even young children can learn basic information about bodies, reproduction and puberty. Starting early often makes future conversations easier during the teenage years.
Use everyday moments
Television shows, films, social media and news stories can naturally open the door to discussions about relationships, consent or online content.
Parents are encouraged to ask teenagers what they think about certain portrayals rather than immediately turning the conversation into a lecture. Listening can often be more effective than trying to deliver a perfect message.
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Avoid leading with fear
Experts suggest that simply telling teenagers what not to do may shut down future communication.
Instead, conversations should focus on helping young people make informed and safe decisions. Parents can also let teenagers know they are available to help with practical concerns, including accessing healthcare or advice when needed.
Talking about first crushes, awkward dates or teenage experiences may make conversations feel more natural and relatable.
Experts also advise parents to acknowledge their own embarrassment instead of pretending the discussion is easy.
Why open conversations matter
Discussing sex does not encourage teenagers to become sexually active before they are ready. Parents are often told to be “sex positive” while still discussing responsibility and safety. Experts say healthy conversations about consent, comfort and communication can help teenagers better understand relationships and personal boundaries.
They also emphasise that sex education should not focus only on risks, but also on helping young people build healthy, respectful and informed attitudes toward relationships.
