Delhi is exploring new technology to fight its long-standing air pollution problem. The Delhi government has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Indian Institute of Technology Madras to conduct a pilot study on so-called “smog-eating” surfaces across the city.

Study to test pollution-reducing surfaces

Officials said the research will examine whether special coatings applied to roads, pavements and buildings can help reduce air pollution. The project will be led by IIT Madras and will focus on testing the effectiveness of these surfaces in real conditions in Delhi. The technology involves coating sun-exposed surfaces with titanium dioxide (TiO₂), a substance that can trigger chemical reactions when exposed to sunlight. These reactions can break down certain harmful pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide and volatile organic compounds that contribute to urban smog. Authorities hope that the study will provide scientific evidence on whether the technology can be used widely in the city to improve air quality.

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Technology that ‘breaks down’ pollutants

The concept of smog-eating surfaces is based on a process known as photocatalysis. When sunlight hits the titanium dioxide coating, it reacts with pollutants in the air and converts them into less harmful substances. Such technology has already been tested in several countries, including parts of Europe and the United States, where specially coated pavements and buildings have been used to reduce pollution levels locally. However, experts say it works best as a supplementary solution along with other pollution-control measures.

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Delhi has long struggled with severe air pollution, especially during the winter months when smog levels often reach hazardous levels. The government hopes that innovations like smog-eating surfaces, along with other environmental measures, can help reduce pollution and improve air quality in the national capital.